Fix a race condition that could cause indexes built with CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY to be corrupt (Pavan Deolasee, Tom Lane)

If CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY was used to build an index that depends on a column not previously indexed, then rows updated by transactions that ran concurrently with the CREATE INDEX command could have received incorrect index entries. If you suspect this may have happened, the most reliable solution is to rebuild affected indexes after installing this update.

Unconditionally WAL-log creation of the “init fork” for an unlogged table (Michael Paquier)

Previously, this was skipped when wal_level = minimal, but actually it's necessary even in that case to ensure that the unlogged table is properly reset to empty after a crash.

Fix WAL page header validation when re-reading segments (Takayuki Tsunakawa, Amit Kapila)

In corner cases, a spurious “out-of-sequence TLI” error could be reported during recovery.

If the stats collector dies during hot standby, restart it (Takayuki Tsunakawa)

Check for interrupts while hot standby is waiting for a conflicting query (Simon Riggs)

Avoid constantly respawning the autovacuum launcher in a corner case (Amit Khandekar)

This fix avoids problems when autovacuum is nominally off and there are some tables that require freezing, but all such tables are already being processed by autovacuum workers.

Fix check for when an extension member object can be dropped (Tom Lane)

Extension upgrade scripts should be able to drop member objects, but this was disallowed for serial-column sequences, and possibly other cases.

Make sure ALTER TABLE preserves index tablespace assignments when rebuilding indexes (Tom Lane, Michael Paquier)

Previously, non-default settings of default_tablespace could result in broken indexes.

Prevent dropping a foreign-key constraint if there are pending trigger events for the referenced relation (Tom Lane)

This avoids “could not find trigger NNN” or “relation NNN has no triggers” errors.

Fix processing of OID column when a table with OIDs is associated to a parent with OIDs via ALTER TABLE ... INHERIT (Amit Langote)

The OID column should be treated the same as regular user columns in this case, but it wasn't, leading to odd behavior in later inheritance changes.

Check for serializability conflicts before reporting constraint-violation failures (Thomas Munro)

When using serializable transaction isolation, it is desirable that any error due to concurrent transactions should manifest as a serialization failure, thereby cueing the application that a retry might succeed. Unfortunately, this does not reliably happen for duplicate-key failures caused by concurrent insertions. This change ensures that such an error will be reported as a serialization error if the application explicitly checked for the presence of a conflicting key (and did not find it) earlier in the transaction.

Ensure that column typmods are determined accurately for multi-row VALUES constructs (Tom Lane)

This fixes problems occurring when the first value in a column has a determinable typmod (e.g., length for a varchar value) but later values don't share the same limit.

Throw error for an unfinished Unicode surrogate pair at the end of a Unicode string (Tom Lane)

Normally, a Unicode surrogate leading character must be followed by a Unicode surrogate trailing character, but the check for this was missed if the leading character was the last character in a Unicode string literal (U&'...') or Unicode identifier (U&"...").

Ensure that a purely negative text search query, such as !foo, matches empty tsvectors (Tom Dunstan)

Such matches were found by GIN index searches, but not by sequential scans or GiST index searches.

Prevent crash when ts_rewrite() replaces a non-top-level subtree with an empty query (Artur Zakirov)

Fix performance problems in ts_rewrite() (Tom Lane)

Fix ts_rewrite()'s handling of nested NOT operators (Tom Lane)

Fix array_fill() to handle empty arrays properly (Tom Lane)

Fix one-byte buffer overrun in quote_literal_cstr() (Heikki Linnakangas)

The overrun occurred only if the input consisted entirely of single quotes and/or backslashes.

Prevent multiple calls of pg_start_backup() and pg_stop_backup() from running concurrently (Michael Paquier)

This avoids an assertion failure, and possibly worse things, if someone tries to run these functions in parallel.

Avoid discarding interval-to-interval casts that aren't really no-ops (Tom Lane)

In some cases, a cast that should result in zeroing out low-order interval fields was mistakenly deemed to be a no-op and discarded. An example is that casting from INTERVAL MONTH to INTERVAL YEAR failed to clear the months field.

Fix pg_dump to dump user-defined casts and transforms that use built-in functions (Stephen Frost)

Fix possible pg_basebackup failure on standby server when including WAL files (Amit Kapila, Robert Haas)

Ensure that the Python exception objects we create for PL/Python are properly reference-counted (Rafa de la Torre, Tom Lane)

This avoids failures if the objects are used after a Python garbage collection cycle has occurred.

Fix PL/Tcl to support triggers on tables that have .tupno as a column name (Tom Lane)

This matches the (previously undocumented) behavior of PL/Tcl's spi_exec and spi_execp commands, namely that a magic .tupno column is inserted only if there isn't a real column named that.

Allow DOS-style line endings in ~/.pgpass files, even on Unix (Vik Fearing)

This change simplifies use of the same password file across Unix and Windows machines.

Fix one-byte buffer overrun if ecpg is given a file name that ends with a dot (Takayuki Tsunakawa)

Fix psql's tab completion for ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES (Gilles Darold, Stephen Frost)

In psql, treat an empty or all-blank setting of the PAGER environment variable as meaning “no pager” (Tom Lane)

Previously, such a setting caused output intended for the pager to vanish entirely.

Improve contrib/dblink's reporting of low-level libpq errors, such as out-of-memory (Joe Conway)

On Windows, ensure that environment variable changes are propagated to DLLs built with debug options (Christian Ullrich)

Sync our copy of the timezone library with IANA release tzcode2016j (Tom Lane)

This fixes various issues, most notably that timezone data installation failed if the target directory didn't support hard links.

Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2016j for DST law changes in northern Cyprus (adding a new zone Asia/Famagusta), Russia (adding a new zone Europe/Saratov), Tonga, and Antarctica/Casey. Historical corrections for Italy, Kazakhstan, Malta, and Palestine. Switch to preferring numeric zone abbreviations for Tonga.